Minerals
Deep-seabed mining has been proposed as an alternative source of minerals, with large deposits present both within and beyond national jurisdictions. In areas beyond national jurisdiction, the International Seabed Authority is mandated by the United Nations to organise, regulate and control mineral-related activities for the benefit of humankind as a whole, as well as to ensure effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects that may arise from such activities. Current challenges to robust protection of the remote deep sea include, for example, the scarcity of environmental baseline data and the lack of thresholds for harmful effects. Proactive development and implementation of comprehensive management practices, frameworks, and policies prior to the onset of mining are needed to ensure the protection of deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem function.
The Working Group: The DOSI Minerals working group (282 experts) constitutes a broad spectrum of scientific, industry, economic, conservation, legal and policy expertise. As collated working group responses and as individuals, we provide expert opinion on deep-seabed mining related concerns through written responses, policy briefs, publications, side-events, interventions, workshops and symposia.
Deep-seabed mining is receiving unprecedented global attention. While some States are pushing for rapid exploitation, many others are advocating for a moratorium. In this evolving landscape, DOSI’s Minerals Working Group continues to emphasize science-based decision-making. Over the past year, the group has deepened its engagement with the International Seabed Authority (ISA) and other stakeholders, focusing on scientific evidence around long-term environmental impacts of mining activities.
The Minerals Working Group actively engages with meetings of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) to ensure that discussions on deep-sea mining are informed by the best available science. DOSI has held observer status at the ISA since 2016.
To support evidence-based decision-making, the Working Group has developed an Information Sheet on The Mitigation Hierarchy: Polymetallic Nodules and Sulphides, produced in partnership with DEEP REST, which explores the challenges associated with different approaches to mitigating the impacts of deep-sea mining. We have also published a Policy Brief on introducing a Sufficient Information Requirement for deep-sea mining.
ISA 31st Session (2026)
- Part II – July 2026
- Preparations are underway for a DOSI-hosted side-event.
- Our DOSI delegation is sharing a new DSM Ecotox Info Sheet and Policy Brief.
- Part I – March 2026
- DOSI participated in the first part of the 31st Session of the ISA Council.
- Read our blog post recap from ISA31 Part I
- May 2026 Cherisse du Preez and Ana Calaco attended the NW Pacific REMP
- May 2026 Tremaine Bowman (nominated) ISA-China JTRC Cumulative Impacts Workshop
ISA 30th Session (2025)
- Part II – July 2025
- Hosted a side event: “10 Years of Science on Mining Impact & Environmental Protection” to align with our 10 years of DOSI observer status at ISA. The event was well attended and brought together scientists, policymakers & artists for reflection & storytelling. The science event was followed by a sound-immersion performance, which took participants on an intimate journey into a deep-sea expedition. This was organised in collaboration with DOSI’s new Art, Science and Policy Task Force. This group also showed a screening of the film “How Deep Is Your Love”. All of these events attracted a large audience.
- Part I – March 2025
- The DOSI delegation returned to Jamaica to participate in ISA30.
- A DOSI-hosted side event explored recent scientific discoveries and their implications for deep-sea governance, bringing together policymakers, scientists, and the newly elected ISA Secretary-General.
- Read our blog post recap of ISA30
ISA 29th Session (2024)
- Part II – July 2024
- DOSI delivered 14 scientific interventions and submitted two key documents:
- Information Sheet: The Mitigation Hierarchy: Polymetallic Nodules and Sulphides
- Policy Brief: Implementing a Sufficient Information Requirement for Deep-Sea Mining
- Members of the delegation attended 10 side events, participated as panellists in three events, and met formally and informally with ISA delegates.
- The delegation also responded to critiques of peer-reviewed science from mining contractors, including discussions around emerging findings on dark oxygen, while promoting scientific integrity and open dialogue.
- Part I – March 2024
- Read our participation report from the First Council meeting of the 29th session of the ISA in Kingston, Jamaica.
2025
2024
- June 2024 – Comment on the Environmental Impact Statement – Joint Test of Deep-sea Miner and Buffer Station in Beijing Pioneer Polymetallic Nodule Contract Area, Western Pacific.
- June 2024 – Comment on the Environmental Impact Statement – Testing of Polymetallic Nodule Collector Vehicle in the Block A-5 of the Minmetals Contract Area.
2023
- March 2023 – Submission to the ISA Intersessional Dialogue regarding Section 1, Paragraph 15 of the Annex to the Agreement relating to Part XI of UNCLOS, highlighted the need for a science-based approach before seabird mining plans are agreed.
- Stakeholder feedback on the Social Impact Assessment Scoping Report for the NORI-D Polymetallic Nodule Collection Project.
2022
- Letter to the ISA regarding the Legal and Technical Commission’s recommendation on NORI’s revised Environmental Impact Statement.
- Response to the ISA stakeholder consultation on the Draft Regional Environmental Management Plan (REMP) for the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
2021
- Comment on the Environmental Impact Statement for NORI’s plans to test a polymetallic nodule collector system in the NORI-D lease area of the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone.
- Statement on the triggering of the ISA’s two-year rule by Nauru.
- Commentary on the ISA Draft Communications and Stakeholder Engagement Strategy.
- Comments on five draft ISA Standards and Guidelines:
2020
2019
Information Sheets
2026
2023
- Services Provided by Polymetallic Nodule-Rich Abyssal Plains
- Services Provided by Seamounts
- Services Provided by Hydrothermal Vents
- Latest Science on the Impact of Deep-Sea Mining on Benthic and Pelagic Ecosystems and Fisheries
2022
- Scientific Knowledge is Currently Insufficient for Effective Environmental Management of Deep-Seabed Mining
- Missing Elements of the Revised Environmental Impact Statement for the Prototype Collector Test of Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. (NORI)
- The Ongoing Science Needed for Robust Deep-Sea Mining Regulations
Policy Briefs
2026
2022
2021
2020
Submissions
2026
- DOSI contributions to the ISA Gender Charter stakeholder consultation. 62 members reviewed and responded in detail to this call, and the ISA secretariat was most grateful for our extensive engagement. A message from the ISA Secretariat is shared below:
“Thank you very much for your interest in and willingness to contribute to the Gender Charter document. It was truly wonderful to read your enthusiasm and to learn that the DOSI network is interested in contributing. I also wanted to jump in here to say how pleased we are to be able to increase engagement with such important stakeholders as DOSI, PEW and others. It is our intention, as we have expressed in our stakeholder breakfasts, to build every opportunity we can to meaningfully engage and benefit from your valuable experience.”
“DOSI’s comments on the draft have been very valuable, particularly in light of your members’ extensive expertise in offshore scientific research and ocean expeditions.”
2025
- The Working Group submitted a formal response to the US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) regarding commercial leasing for critical minerals on the outer continental shelf near American Samoa. The submission raised key environmental and governance considerations. The group has since followed up with comments on potential applications for deep-sea mining in the same region, reinforcing the importance of precautionary management and ecosystem protection.
- DOSI submitted a comment to the BOEM request for information regarding the potential leasing of the Outer Continental Shelf of the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands.
2026
- Minerals Working Group members were invited to submit contributions to the chapter on deep seabed mining in the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences.
2025
2024
2026
- DOSI had strong representation at the ISA North West Pacific Regional Environmental Management Planning (REMP), which took place in Busan, Republic of Korea. Through DOSI support, Cherisse du Preez participated in the meeting as one of 30 invited experts. She represented the Canadian Government and DOSI interests. Ana Colaço participated on behalf of DOSI, reinforcing our critical role in regional environmental management discussions.
- Tremaine Bowman was nominated by DOSI and selected to attend the 4th training workshop of the ISA-China Joint Training and Research Centre.
- SMARTEX Meeting with policy panel. DOSI was represented at the SMARTEX meeting at the Natural History Museum in London, with many DOSI members in attendance, strengthening links between science and policy communities. Dan Jones (Offshore Energy Working Group co-lead) led much of the meeting which was informative and thought-provoking. The SMARTEX project is a UK Natural Environment Research Council-funded initiative aimed at understanding the deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules in the Clarion Clipperton Zone.
2025
- Global Negotiations Conference – Following a competitive application process, DOSI sponsored ECOP Cara James (PhD student studying environmental impacts of deep-sea mining and member of the DOSI Minerals Working Group who is keen to progress in science-policy in her career) to participate in this training conference with interactive workshops on negotiation basics, conflict resolution, international/multilateral negotiations, mediation, power dynamics and more. This year’s conference centred around deep-sea mining, hence the interest in this training for DOSI ECOPs.
- Co-lead, Patricia Esquete, represented DOSI in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Four Corners documentary,
The Trillion-Dollar Race to Mine the Ocean Floor. The documentary, broadcast nationally, explored the debate around deep-sea mining and featured DOSI as a credible scientific and policy voice on the issue.
2023
- Participation in the second part of the 28th ISA Council meeting, including a side event hosted with Pew Charitable Trusts and the Natural History Museum, London.
- Presentations during the first part of the 28th ISA Council meeting on the latest science regarding impacts of deep-sea mining on benthic and pelagic ecosystems and fisheries.
- Special session on biodiversity risks of deep-seabed mining at the 5th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity, Malaysia.
- Response to the Norwegian Government’s consultation on impact assessments for mineral activities on the Norwegian continental shelf.
2022
- Participation in all three parts of the 27th ISA Council meeting.
- Contributions to discussions on deep-ocean science and environmental management.
- Development and distribution of scientific briefing materials for ISA delegates.
2021
- Webinar with IUCN: Raising the Curtain on Deep-Sea Mining.
- Webinar with the University of Edinburgh and WhaleWise: Treasures of the Deep.
- Development of the DOSI Deep-Sea Mining Library and Zotero resource.
- Ongoing participation in ISA proceedings, workshops and stakeholder engagement.
2020
- Participation in five ISA workshops covering taxonomy, DeepData, Regional Environmental Management Plans, and marine scientific research.
- DOSI Deep-Sea Workshop for Pacific Island States: The Deep Sea, Humans, and Management.
- Participation in the first part of the ISA 26th Session, including four interventions, a policy brief launch, and a scientific side event.
2019
- Participation in ISA workshops on Regional Environmental Management Plans, standards and guidelines, and environmental management of polymetallic sulphide ecosystems in Galway, Ireland.
- Deep CCZ Biodiversity Synthesis Workshop in Washington, USA.
- Pew-RESOLVE Workshop on ISA inspections and inspectorate in Irish Town, Jamaica.
- Deep-Ocean Climate Connections workshop at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA.
- Participation in both parts of the ISA 25th Session, including policy briefs, interventions and scientific side events.
2023
- The group participation in the 28th Session ISA Part III, November 2023. Read the full Participation Report here.
- We delivered a special session on the biodiversity risks of deep seabed mining during the 5th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity in Malaysia, July 2023. The session received good feedback and similar events will be considered for the future. Read our full Participation Report from the event, here.
- In July 2023, we participated in the second part of the 28th ISA Council meeting, and hosted an in-person side-event with Pew Charitable Trusts and the Natural History Museum (London). Read our Participation Report from the meeting here.
- During the first part of the 28th ISA Council meeting, our members hosted a series of presentations on the “Latest Science on the Impacts of Deep-Sea Mining on Benthic and Pelagic Ecosystems and Fisheries.” An Information Sheet with the presentation highlights is available here. You can also read our full Participation Report from part 1 of the 28th ISA Council meeting here.
- In March 2023, we made a Submission to the ISA’s Intersessional Dialogue to facilitate further discussion in connection with section 1, paragraph 15, of the annex to the Agreement relating to Part XI, UNCLOS. The submission focused on the need to establish a science-based approach before seabed mining plans are agreed.
- We provided stakeholder feedback on the Social Impact Assessment Scoping Report for the NORI-D Polymetallic Nodule Collection Project. You can read our feedback here.
- In January 2023, DOSI’s Minerals Working Group responded to a hearing arranged by the Government of Norway seeking comments on its Impact Assessment for minerals activities on the Norwegian continental shelf. You can read the response here.
2022
- The third part of the 27th ISA Council meeting in November 2022 was our last major meeting for the year. You can read the report outlining our contributions here.
- In preparation for ISA Council meetings in November 2022, we created a new Information Sheet to share with delegates: Scientific Knowledge is Currently Insufficient for Effective Environmental Management of Deep-Seabed Mining.
- In October 2022, we submitted a letter to the ISA seeking clarification on reasons for approving the revised Environmental Impact Statement of Nauru Ocean Resources, Inc. (NORI).
- We brought crucial deep-ocean science to the second part of the 27th Council meeting of the International Seabed Authority in August 2022. You can read the report outlining our contributions here.
- In July 2022, we shared an Information Sheet identifying missing elements of the revised Environmental Impact Statement for the prototype polymetallic nodule collector test of Nauru Ocean Resources, Inc. (NORI).
- In June 2022, we released a Policy Brief on ecosystem services titled: What Does the Deep Ocean Do for You?
- In May 2022, we responded to an ISA stakeholder consultation on the Draft Regional Environmental Management Plan for the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Our submission highlighted the need for further collaboration with stakeholders to fill current gaps in the draft rules.
- We contributed to part 1 of the 27th Council meeting of the International Seabed Authority by bringing deep-ocean science and its implications to the discussion. You can read the report outlining our contributions here.
- DOSI Minerals WG recently created an information sheet on The Ongoing Science Needed for Robust Deep-Sea Mining Regulations.
2021
- In December 2021, the WG submitted an official comment on the Environmental Impact Statement for NORI’s plans to test a polymetallic nodule collector system in the NORI-D lease area of the eastern Clarion Clipperton Zone. In the comment, we express our concern that the baseline data needed for an adequate EIS are not yet analysed, making the EIS in its current form incomplete. Read the Comment
- DOSI Minerals WG has submitted a letter of concern in response to a proposal by the ISA to hold an in-person Annual Session this December in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, travel restrictions, and inequitable vaccine distribution. To ensure inclusion and transparency, we have suggested postponement or hybrid participation. Read the Letter
- DOSI is committed to actively participating in the proceedings of the ISA and other fora, as well as to ensuring our strong representation in relevant workshops on the environmental planning and management of the Area.
- DOSI Minerals WG is currently preparing comments on the latest version of the ISA draft standards & guidelines
- DOSI will continue to work directly with country delegates and other stakeholders to assist with deep-seabed-mining matters within national jurisdictions.
- DOSI Deep-Sea Mining Library: with the generous help of Daniëlle de Jonge and Alycia Smith, deep-sea stakeholders now have a comprehensive library on a variety of aspects of deep-seabed mining. Please contact us with new additions. Short manual for using the DOSI Zotero here.
- Past Activities (in reverse chronological order):29 June 2021:
- DOSI statement on the triggering of the ISA’s two-year rule by Nauru
- June 2021: DOSI Policy Brief – The Necessity of Traditional Knowledge for Management of Deep-Seabed Mining
- June 2021: DOSI Minerals WG submitted comments on 5 of the 7 draft ISA Standards and Guidelines, including the:
- Environmental Impact Assessment Process
- Establishment of Baseline Environmental Data
- Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement
- Tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment
- Preparation of environmental management and monitoring plans
- March 2021: Webinar in conjunction with IUCN: Raising the Curtain on Deep-Sea Mining. Watch the recording here.
- January 2021: DOSI submitted commentary on the draft Communications and Stakeholder Engagement Strategy issued in December 2020.
- January 2021: DOSI, the University of Edinburgh and WhaleWise co-hosted the “Treasures of the deep” webinar on deep-seabed mining. This is available on demand HERE.
2020
- DOSI participated in a number of virtual deep-seabed mining workshops and meetings, including:
- ISA Workshop on the on deep sea taxonomic standardization: Strategic approaches for collaboration. 15-16 September 2020
- ISA Workshop on the DeepData workshop focusing on data management strategy. 21-25 September 2020
- ISA Workshop on the Workshop on regional environmental management plan (REMP) for the Area of the North West Pacific. 26-30 October, 2-6 November 2020
- ISA Workshop on regional environmental management plan (REMP) for the Area of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge with a focus on PMS deposits. 23-27 November, 30 November-4 December 2020
- ISA Workshop on marine scientific research in the Area: Establishing a collaborative platform for improving biodiversity knowledge to support environmental management in mid-ocean ridge ecosystems focusing on the Indian Ocean. 15-17 December 2020
- 21-23 October 2020: DOSI Deep-Sea Workshop for Pacific Islands States. ‘The Deep Sea, Humans, and Management’ was due to be held in Suva, Fiji, but was instead held remotely in a more concise form. Between 30 and 60 people joined per day. All lectures are publicly available HERE, and videos most relevant to mining can also be found below:
- May 2020: DOSI submitted commentary on the Environmental Impact Statement for a Polymetallic-nodule Collector Pre-prototype for Deep-sea Mining issued in March 2020 by the Government of India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences
- Feb 2020: DOSI attended the first part of the ISA 26th Session, presenting a new policy brief “Ecological Connectivity: Implications for Ocean Governance”, delivering four interventions, and co-hosting a scientific side-event on the importance of biodiversity and connectivity to the management of deep-seabed mining, with examples from the Clarion Clipperton Zone and the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The DOSI delegation consisted of Diva Amon, Anna Metaxas, Saskia Brix, Maila Guilhon and Sergio Cambronero.
2019
- DOSI had representation at the Workshop on the Regional Environmental Management Plan for the Area of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge – Evora, Portugal – 25-29 November 2019.
- DOSI attended a Workshop on Strategic Approaches to Developing Regional Environmental Management Plans – Hamburg, Germany – 11-13 November 2019
- Scientific Considerations for Environmental Management of Inactive Polymetallic Sulfide (PMS) Ecosystems – Galway, Ireland – 22-24 October 2019.
- Deep CCZ Biodiversity Synthesis Workshop – Washington, USA – 1-4 October 2019
- The ISA invited comments on the latest iteration of the Draft Exploitation Regulations, which can be found here: https://www.isa.org.jm/document/isba25c18. DOSI members compiled a commentary – October 2019.
- July 2019: DOSI attended the Pew-RESOLVE Workshop “ISA Inspections and ISA Inspectorate: What will be Needed?” Irish Town, Jamaica
- July 2019: DOSI attended the second part of the ISA 25th Session, presenting two new policy briefs, delivering eight interventions, and co-hosting a scientific side event. The DOSI delegation consisted of Diva Amon, Lisa Levin, Anna Metaxas, Pradeep Singh, Eulogio Soto, Maila Guilhon and Sergio Cambronero.
- June 2019: DOSI hosted ‘Deep-Ocean Climate Connections’, an expert workshop on climate change and deep-seabed mining at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA.
- May 2019: DOSI Minerals WG members submitted a Commentary on the “Draft High Level Action Plan and Priorities and the Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for the International Seabed Authority: Draft Performance Indicators for the 2019-2023 period” issued earlier this year.
- May 2019: The ISA workshop, “The Development of Standards and Guidelines for Activities in the Area”, hosted in Pretoria, South Africa was attended by Diva Amon and Amber Cobley on behalf of DOSI.
- Early career scientists Maila Guilhon (Brazil) and Sergio Cambronero (Costa Rica) representing DOSI at ISA
- February 2019: DOSI attended the first part of the ISA 25th Session, presenting three policy briefs, delivering four interventions and hosting a side event. The DOSI delegation consisted of Jeff Drazen, Aline Jaeckel, Julie Huber, Verena Tunnicliffe, Philip Turner, Jessie Perelman and Diva Amon.
- February 2019: DOSI WG member paper published: Tunnicliffe et al (2019) Strategic Environmental Goals and Objectives: Setting the basis for environmental regulation of deep seabed mining. Marine Policy
- DOSI Minerals WG Past Activities 2013-18.
Collaborate with us to advance deep-sea climate science. Engage in meetings, contribute to policy briefs and publications, and participate in international events.
WG members are encouraged to actively engage with WG communications and meetings, as these are where further information will be provided on workshops, outputs such as policy briefs and publications, as well as event attendance. Please note: DOSI Ambassadors who are involved key meetings are selected according to our DOSI internal policy and at the discretion of the WG leads.
Working Group Leads
Sabine Gollner
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ, Netherlands
Patricia Esquete
CESAM, Portugal
Jesse van der Grient
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ, Netherlands
